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Aspects of Morphology Control during the Oxidative Synthesis of Electrically Conducting Polymers

Universität Potsdam Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany

Birgit Dietzel

Universität Potsdam Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany

Ingo Orgzall

Universität Potsdam Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany

Isabel Díez

Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Molecular Materials Group, P.O. Box 5100, FIN-02015 TKK, Finland

Chenggang Xu

UP Transfer GmbH, Am Neuen Palais 10, D-14469 Potsdam, Germany

The formation of micro- and nanostructures during the oxidative polymerization of polypyrrole and polyaniline is investigated using different sulfonic acid dopants. Rod- or tube-like structures are found in polypyrrole as well as in polyaniline without addition of further compounds to the initial reaction mixture of monomer, dopant and oxidant. In these cases, always a crystalline precursor complex composed of a dopand molecule and the pure monomer (aniline) or a trimeric moiety (pyrrole) serves as in-situ template. In most cases the surface of the growing polymer is covered by secondary structures with much smaller sizes so that a hierarchical order of structures at different length scales results. Corresponding model considerations for the polymerization process are outlined. Additionally, unusual structures like platelets, frames, rings, or ribbons are observed in the polypyrrole synthesis in the presence of fluorosurfactants.

Key Words: Conducting polymers • polypyrrole • polyaniline • sulfonic acids • fluorosurfactants • structure formation • nanostructures

This version was published on October 1, 2009

High Performance Polymers, Vol. 21, No. 5, 633-652 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0954008309339933


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